What is ransomware?

Ransomware is a specific category of malicious software designed to infiltrate a computer system, encrypt the user's data, and then demand a payment, often in cryptocurrency, for the decryption key. This type of malware effectively holds the user's data hostage, making it inaccessible until the ransom is paid. It typically spreads through phishing emails, infected downloads, or vulnerabilities in software, targeting individuals and organizations alike. The primary goal of ransomware is to extort money from victims by leveraging the urgent need to regain access to critical data.

In stark contrast, the other options focus on positive aspects of data security or management, which have no relation to the malicious intent and functionality of ransomware. For instance, securing sensitive information, data backup strategies, and tools for enhancing network security reflect proactive measures to protect data, rather than the harmful actions characteristic of ransomware attacks.